{"id":2206,"date":"2025-09-27T21:05:00","date_gmt":"2025-09-27T13:05:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/?p=2206"},"modified":"2025-11-12T14:08:04","modified_gmt":"2025-11-12T06:08:04","slug":"vandalisme-perspektif-undang-undang-dan-pihak-berkuasa-tempatan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/vandalisme-perspektif-undang-undang-dan-pihak-berkuasa-tempatan\/","title":{"rendered":"Vandalisme: Perspektif Undang-undang dan Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Vandalisme sering didefinisikan sebagai perbuatan merosakkan, mengotorkan atau memusnahkan harta awam dan persendirian tanpa kebenaran.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dalam konteks sosial, ia dianggap sebagai jenayah ringan, tetapi dari perspektif undang-undang di Malaysia termasuk Sarawak, isu ini lebih kompleks kerana tiada definisi undang-undang khusus bagi istilah ini.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sebaliknya, perbuatan yang dikategorikan sebagai vandalisme ditangani di bawah Kanun Keseksaan, terutamanya melalui kesalahan kerosakan harta dan pencerobohan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kekaburan ini menimbulkan cabaran kepada pihak berkuasa tempatan dalam penguatkuasaan serta kepada masyarakat dalam memahami batas perbuatan yang dianggap jenayah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Di Sarawak, isu vandalisme semakin meruncing. Statistik daripada pihak berkuasa dan laporan media mencatatkan peningkatan ketara dalam kes perosakan kemudahan awam, termasuk infrastruktur komunikasi, bekalan elektrik, tandas awam, taman permainan, papan tanda jalan raya, serta coretan tidak sah pada dinding bangunan kerajaan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kerugian kewangan akibat vandalisme juga besar. Sebagai contoh, Sarawak Energy Berhad (SEB) melaporkan kerugian berjuta ringgit setiap tahun akibat pencurian dan perosakan kabel elektrik, yang akhirnya membebankan pengguna melalui kos operasi lebih tinggi (Bernama, 2024a).<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Tiada Definisi Khusus dalam Undang-undang<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malaysia tidak mempunyai akta khusus mengenai vandalisme. Menurut peguam kanan Roger Tan, istilah \u201cvandalisme\u201d tidak ditakrifkan dalam mana-mana undang-undang negara; sebaliknya, ia ditangani melalui seksyen tertentu dalam Kanun Keseksaan (Tan, 2007). Seksyen 425 dan 427 memperuntukkan hukuman terhadap kesalahan kerosakan harta yang menyebabkan kerosakan harta, manakala Seksyen 447 menyentuh kesalahan pencerobohan (Penal Code, 2006).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Namun, tanpa definisi khusus, penguatkuasaan sering bergantung pada tafsiran pegawai atau mahkamah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contohnya, seni jalanan seperti mural boleh dianggap sebagai vandalisme jika dilakukan tanpa kebenaran bertulis, meskipun ia mempunyai nilai estetika dan tarikan pelancongan. Kekaburan ini menimbulkan dilema: adakah semua grafiti wajar dianggap jenayah, atau bolehkah ia ditakrifkan sebagai seni komuniti yang sah? (Bernama, 2024b).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mengapa Vandalisme Sukar Dikawal?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Ketiadaan definisi undang-undang khusus
    \u2013 Menyukarkan majlis tempatan membezakan antara kerosakan harta dengan ekspresi seni.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Keterbatasan penguatkuasaan tempatan
    \u2013 Majlis tempatan di Sarawak sering kekurangan sumber manusia, bajet, dan peralatan pengawasan seperti CCTV untuk memantau lokasi berisiko tinggi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Budaya masyarakat dan persepsi bercampur
    \u2013 Sebahagian belia menganggap grafiti sebagai medium seni dan ekspresi diri; sebaliknya pihak berkuasa menilainya sebagai kerosakan harta (Bernama, 2024b).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Kesan domino terhadap infrastruktur kritikal
    \u2013 Vandalisme terhadap kabel elektrik, fiber optik, atau peralatan telekomunikasi bukan sahaja menyebabkan kos kewangan, tetapi turut menjejaskan keselamatan, komunikasi kecemasan, dan perkhidmatan asas (Bernama, 2024a).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n
    \n
    \"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

    Solusi Pendekatan Berasaskan Bukti dan Kolaborasi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1. Pembaharuan Undang-undang: Definisi Khusus Vandalisme<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Kerajaan negeri boleh mempertimbangkan penggubalan undang-undang kecil di bawah bidang kuasa pihak berkuasa tempatan yang mentakrifkan dengan jelas apa itu vandalisme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Takrifan ini boleh membezakan antara perbuatan merosakkan harta tanpa kebenaran dengan seni awam berlesen. Model sebegini telah dilaksanakan di negara lain, contohnya Korea Selatan yang memperkenalkan peraturan khas bagi membezakan grafiti tidak sah daripada seni komuniti (Roh & Lee, 2015).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2. Pengawasan Pintar & Respons Segera<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Kajian oleh Haron et al. (2019) mendapati persepsi keselamatan dan reka bentuk persekitaran memberi kesan kepada kadar vandalisme di taman rekreasi. Dengan pemasangan CCTV, rondaan malam berkala, serta aplikasi mudah alih untuk laporan awam, pihak berkuasa tempatan boleh bertindak lebih pantas bagi mencegah dan mengurangkan kejadian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    3. Kolaborasi Multi-pihak: Utiliti + Majlis + Komuniti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Kerjasama antara syarikat utiliti seperti SEB dan pihak telekomunikasi dengan majlis tempatan dapat meningkatkan perlindungan aset awam. Ini termasuk pemasangan pelindung logam pada peralatan, menambah pencahayaan awam, serta melaksanakan program pendidikan komuniti tentang kesan vandalisme terhadap masyarakat. Malah, Premier Sarawak sebelum ini menegaskan keperluan undang-undang lebih ketat bagi menangani isu ini (Bernama, 2024a).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    4. Program Seni Komuniti Berlesen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Menyediakan ruang mural berlesen untuk belia dapat mengalihkan aktiviti grafiti ke arah positif. Di bandar-bandar Eropah, inisiatif mural sah terbukti mengurangkan aduan vandalisme sambil memperindah ruang awam (Bernama, 2024b). Konsep ini boleh diadaptasi oleh Majlis Bandaraya Kuching Utara (DBKU) atau Majlis Bandaraya Miri (MBM) sebagai projek rintis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5. Hukuman Restoratif dan Pendidikan<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Selain denda atau hukuman penjara, pelaku vandalisme boleh diwajibkan melakukan kerja komuniti, seperti mengecat semula dinding atau membaiki kemudahan awam. Pendekatan restoratif ini mendidik pelaku mengenai kesan tindakan mereka dan terbukti lebih berkesan dalam mengurangkan pengulangan kesalahan berbanding hukuman konvensional (Zehr, 2002).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Bukti Keberkesanan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    – Singapura: Vandalism Act 1966 memberikan definisi jelas terhadap vandalisme dan memperuntukkan hukuman tegas seperti sebatan. Walaupun dikritik keras, ia berjaya mengawal kes vandalisme di negara tersebut (Chua, 2012).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    – Eropah: Program mural komuniti berjaya menukar \u201chotspot grafiti\u201d kepada tarikan pelancongan, sekali gus meningkatkan ekonomi setempat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Bagi Sarawak, pendekatan hibrid iaitu keseimbangan antara undang-undang jelas, penguatkuasaan pintar, dan ruang kreativiti berlesen mampu mengurangkan vandalisme sambil membina komuniti lebih inklusif.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Vandalisme bukan sekadar isu estetik; ia melibatkan kos ekonomi, keselamatan, dan kesejahteraan masyarakat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Di Sarawak, ketiadaan definisi khusus dalam undang-undang menyulitkan penguatkuasaan serta mewujudkan kekeliruan dalam kalangan masyarakat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Namun, dengan langkah reformasi undang-undang, teknologi pengawasan, kerjasama pelbagai pihak, program seni komuniti, serta pendekatan restoratif, Sarawak berpeluang bukan sahaja menurunkan kadar vandalisme tetapi juga melahirkan masyarakat yang lebih bertanggungjawab, kreatif, dan prihatin terhadap harta awam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Rujukan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    BERNAMA. (2024). S\u2019wak To Launch Campaign Against Electrical, Telecommunications Infrastructure Vandalism<\/em>. BERNAMA. https:\/\/www.bernama.com\/en\/news.php?id=2311296&utm_<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    International Journal of Human Capital in Urban Management <\/em>. (2022, May 11). https:\/\/www.ijhcum.net\/article_252192_c8859c232739cf1415eb0f4fcb88b92d.pdf?utm_<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    MALEK, A. (2009). Visitors Perception On Vandalism And Safety Issues In A Malaysian Urban Park. Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban Management<\/em>, 4<\/em>(4(13)), 93\u2013107. https:\/\/ideas.repec.org\/a\/rom\/terumm\/v4y2009i13p93-107.html?utm_<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Sarawak Energy – Power To Grow<\/em>. (2023). Sarawak Energy. https:\/\/www.sarawakenergy.com\/media-info\/media-releases\/2023\/vandalism-causes-public-outcry-following-supply-interruption-to-samariang-aminuddin-baki-and-santubong?utm_<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Sarawak Energy – Power To Grow<\/em>. (2024a). Sarawak Energy. https:\/\/www.sarawakenergy.com\/sarawaks-battle-against-vandalism-stricter-enforcement-proposed?utm_<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Sarawak Energy – Power To Grow<\/em>. (2024b). Sarawak Energy. https:\/\/www.sarawakenergy.com\/media-info\/media-releases\/2024\/vandalism-at-jalan-tabuan-in-kuching-damages-the-high-voltage-underground-cable?utm_<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Vandalisme dari perspektif undang-undang dan pihak berkuasa tempatan di Sarawak, meneliti punca masalah serta cadangan penyelesaian.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":2205,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[412],"tags":[141,171,156,565],"class_list":{"0":"post-2206","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-featured","8":"tag-ekonomi","9":"tag-pendidikan","10":"tag-sosial","11":"tag-vandalisme"},"yoast_head":"\nVandalisme: Perspektif Undang-undang dan Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan - RAKAN CommUnity<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/vandalisme-perspektif-undang-undang-dan-pihak-berkuasa-tempatan\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" 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