{"id":28934,"date":"2026-09-22T10:11:36","date_gmt":"2026-09-22T02:11:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/?p=28934"},"modified":"2026-09-24T10:20:11","modified_gmt":"2026-09-24T02:20:11","slug":"women-lead-climate-resilience-through-wps-agenda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/women-lead-climate-resilience-through-wps-agenda\/","title":{"rendered":"Women Lead Climate Resilience Through WPS Agenda"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Executive Synopsis<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>ASEAN&#8217;s WPS agenda links women&#8217;s leadership to climate adaptation and disaster risk management.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Regional plans exist, but local women often lack funds, data and power.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Malaysia&#8217;s 2025 to 2030 WPS plan includes climate and disaster commitments.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sarawak&#8217;s indigenous women hold vital knowledge for community resilience.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Global cases show women-led climate action works when resources follow.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Women Lead Climate Resilience Through WPS Agenda<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap\">The intersection of gender, climate change and disaster risk has become one of the most pressing challenges facing Southeast Asia. As the region confronts increasingly severe typhoons, floods, droughts and sea-level rise, the question of how women are integrated into climate adaptation and disaster risk management has moved from the margins to the centre of policy debates. ASEAN&#8217;s Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda, anchored in the ASEAN Regional Plan of Action on WPS adopted in 2022, explicitly acknowledges this nexus and positions women not merely as victims but as agents of resilience. Yet a critical examination reveals a significant gap between the ambitions articulated at the regional level and the lived realities of women in communities across Southeast Asia. While ASEAN has made notable normative progress in framing climate and disaster risk as WPS concerns, the translation of these commitments into tangible, gender-transformative action at the national and local levels remains uneven, under-resourced and, in many contexts, largely aspirational.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The Normative Framework: Progress and Its Limits<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ASEAN&#8217;s engagement with the WPS agenda has evolved considerably since the adoption of the Joint Statement on Promoting Women, Peace and Security in 2017. The ASEAN Regional Plan of Action on WPS, adopted by leaders in November 2022, provides a regional normative framework that explicitly incorporates disaster management and climate change into its scope, embracing what it describes as an all-encompassing approach to women, peace and security that extends from preventing violent extremism to disaster management and climate change to women in peace processes and post-conflict rehabilitation. This framing represents a meaningful departure from earlier, more narrowly conflict-focused interpretations of WPS, and it aligns with a growing body of evidence demonstrating that climate change acts as a risk multiplier for gendered vulnerabilities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The ASEAN Gender Outlook 2024, launched in September 2024, further reinforced this policy direction by presenting new gender data across all 17 Sustainable Development Goals, with specific attention to the gendered impacts of droughts, unpredictable rains and rising temperatures. The report highlighted that climate change and environmental degradation continue to substantially affect women and girls in the region, particularly through unsafe water sources and disrupted livelihoods. These findings are consistent with global patterns: women are fourteen times more likely to die in climate-related disasters than men and represent eighty per cent of those displaced by extreme weather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In April 2025, UN Women released a guidance note on integrating climate change into National Action Plans on WPS, described as the first of its kind, which offers a roadmap for mainstreaming climate considerations into WPS agendas and vice versa. The guidance note positions women as agents of change and resilience while acknowledging that climate change and conflict disproportionately affect them, and it calls for coordinated efforts to address the complex nexus between climate change, gender equality, peace and security. These normative developments suggest that ASEAN has successfully elevated the climate-WPS nexus to a position of regional policy prominence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, the existence of frameworks and guidance notes does not automatically translate into implementation. A 2025 UN Women and ASEAN Institute for Peace and Reconciliation report on localising the ASEAN Regional Plan of Action identified persistent challenges, including lack of sustained political will, insufficient human and financial resources, lack of buy-in from key ministries, limited engagement of civil society and weaknesses in the NAP framework itself. The report acknowledged that although over 112 NAPs on WPS have been developed worldwide, including successive iterations by the Philippines and Indonesia, the translation of policy gains into community-level impact remained limited, necessitating ongoing investment and support for localised implementation. This assessment points to a fundamental tension: ASEAN has been successful in producing high-level policy concepts, but less successful in ensuring that these concepts reach the women most affected by climate and disaster risks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Malaysia: A Regional Leader with Domestic Gaps<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Malaysia&#8217;s recent trajectory illustrates both the promise and the limitations of WPS integration. In September 2025, Malaysia launched its first National Action Plan on Women, Peace and Security for the period 2025 to 2030, marking a significant national and ASEAN-level milestone. The plan explicitly positions women as agents of prevention, protection and recovery in both traditional and non-traditional security threats, including climate change, cyber insecurity and pandemics, and commits to embedding WPS principles into national development, disaster response and security strategies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Malaysia has also demonstrated leadership in women&#8217;s participation in peacekeeping. Women comprise 10.5 per cent of Malaysia&#8217;s UNIFIL contingent, nearly double the global average, and in 2024 to 2025 the country recorded its largest deployment of female peacekeepers, with 85 women sent to UNIFIL, earning a special award at the 2025 UN Peacekeeping Ministerial in Berlin. These achievements position Malaysia as a regional leader in women&#8217;s participation in security institutions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yet domestic challenges remain substantial. A time-use survey revealed that Malaysian women dedicate 63.6 per cent more time to unpaid care work than men, even though they spend nearly the same amount of time in paid employment, and women&#8217;s labour force participation stands at only 55.8 per cent compared with 80.9 per cent for men. These structural inequalities shape women&#8217;s capacity to participate in climate adaptation and disaster risk management. Academic research indicates that the number of female personnel in the Special Malaysia Disaster Assistance and Rescue Team remains disproportionately low, limiting the ability to address the specific needs of pregnant women and other female survivors during disasters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Civil society organisations have also raised concerns about the gap between policy commitments and implementation. The Women&#8217;s Aid Organisation and other groups have documented that while Malaysia&#8217;s NAP WPS includes commitments to ensure gender considerations in disaster preparedness, including floods and heatwaves, and to increase women&#8217;s participation in climate change policy implementation, the mechanisms for achieving these goals remain underdeveloped. Community-based disaster risk management programmes, such as the CBDRM Wanita programme in Kuala Kangsar, demonstrate that grassroots initiatives can empower women with knowledge and skills to face and reduce the impact of natural disasters such as floods. However, such programmes remain isolated and lack the scale and institutional support necessary to achieve systemic change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sarawak: Indigenous Women on the Frontline<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In Sarawak, the intersection of climate change, indigenous knowledge and gender is particularly pronounced. Women leaders of Sarawak&#8217;s indigenous communities have reported significant changes in crop patterns and production, unpredictable weather patterns including changing temperatures, longer droughts, intense rain and stronger winds, which they attribute to changes in land use. The Kayan and Penan women of the Borneo rainforest face compounded threats from both manmade destruction and climate change, with women in villages suffering from hunger as they cannot collect forest produce when men become migrant workers and are absent from villages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Sarawak state government has begun to address these challenges through international engagement. In September 2025, a delegation from the Sarawak Women, Childhood and Community Wellbeing Development Ministry visited the Osaka Expo 2025 in Japan to strengthen disaster management skills, focusing on the Shelter Lab: Designing for Disasters, which showcased innovative and sustainable approaches to disaster-resilient shelters designed to safeguard women, children, the elderly and other vulnerable groups during emergencies. The delegation also participated in rescue training on home evacuation for collapsed houses, with the minister emphasizing that such hands-on training reinforces the importance of household and community readiness and empowers officials to promote safety awareness and resilience, particularly for vulnerable groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While these initiatives demonstrate a commendable commitment to learning from international best practices, they also reveal a reliance on external expertise and a focus on technical solutions rather than addressing the structural inequalities that make women and indigenous communities disproportionately vulnerable. Research on Iban women in Sri Aman, Sarawak, highlights the crucial role of indigenous women in ensuring food security and the intergenerational transfer of knowledge in overcoming contemporary issues such as climate change, land-use changes and modernisation. However, this knowledge is often undervalued in formal disaster risk management frameworks, which tend to privilege technical and bureaucratic approaches over community-based and indigenous knowledge systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The Philippines: A Model of Integration and Its Contradictions<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Philippines offers the most advanced example of WPS-climate integration in ASEAN. The Philippine National Action Plan on Women, Peace and Security 2023 to 2033 explicitly integrates climate justice and disaster risk reduction, with climate change framed as a risk multiplier for gendered vulnerabilities. The plan includes specific action points on women&#8217;s leadership in disaster risk reduction and management, gender-responsive disaster risk reduction to prevent gender-based violence in evacuation centres, and the integration of WPS into gender and development plans, disaster risk reduction and climate policies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao provides a particularly instructive case. The BARMM Regional Action Plan on WPS involves collaboration between the Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources and Energy, the Ministry of the Interior and Local Government and the Bangsamoro Women Commission, and includes the participation of Moro and Indigenous women in climate resilience strategies and women-led disaster risk reduction committees with localised, inclusive evacuation protocols. These developments suggest that the Philippines has been relatively successful in translating regional WPS commitments into sub-national action.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, the Philippine experience also reveals contradictions. During Typhoon Yolanda in 2013, official data indicated that only 11.81 per cent of recorded deaths in the Visayas were women, but subsequent studies by UN Women and Oxfam estimated that 55 to 60 per cent of the deceased were women. This discrepancy highlights the persistent problem of inadequate gender-disaggregated data in disaster contexts, which undermines the ability to design and monitor gender-responsive interventions. Moreover, the inclusion of Moro and Indigenous women in climate resilience strategies, while commendable in principle, raises questions about whether such inclusion is substantive or merely symbolic, and whether it challenges or reinforces existing power hierarchies within communities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Global Lessons and Comparative Perspectives<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The challenges facing ASEAN are not unique. Global case studies offer both inspiration and cautionary lessons. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Feminist Coalition for Climate Justice, supported by UNDP, has improved working conditions for over 75,000 women, trained 1,500 women officials in energy and climate management and opened new opportunities for women-led enterprises. In Chad, women&#8217;s cooperatives have combined climate-smart agriculture, solar irrigation and early warning systems to reduce flood risks and support recovery, demonstrating how women-led approaches can strengthen risk reduction measures even in fragile settings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the Pacific Islands, women in Kiribati have strengthened their leadership in disaster and climate resilience by embedding gender-responsive approaches into local systems and revitalising traditional food security practices. In South Asia, Bihar&#8217;s JEEViKA programme has mobilised almost 10 million women into self-help groups, enabling them to invest in climate-resilient livelihoods such as poultry and vegetable cultivation on raised beds. In Latin America, indigenous women in Oaxaca, Mexico, have been designing climate policies, with community centres and committees involving 3,330 indigenous women developing self-built eco-technologies for energy, water and sanitation based on ancestral know-how.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These examples demonstrate that women&#8217;s leadership in climate adaptation and disaster risk management is not only possible but effective when supported by enabling conditions, including access to resources, decision-making power and institutional recognition. Conversely, they highlight that the absence of such conditions perpetuates women&#8217;s vulnerability and undermines community resilience. The ASEAN region can learn from these global experiences, particularly the importance of moving beyond top-down policy frameworks to community-led, women-driven approaches that recognise and build upon indigenous and local knowledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Conclusion: From Policy Concept to Transformative Practice<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ASEAN&#8217;s WPS agenda has made significant normative progress in integrating women into climate adaptation and disaster risk management. The ASEAN Regional Plan of Action on WPS explicitly incorporates climate and disaster concerns, the ASEAN Gender Outlook 2024 provides critical data on gendered climate impacts, and member states such as the Philippines and Malaysia have developed National Action Plans that address the climate-WPS nexus. These developments represent genuine achievements and reflect a growing regional consensus that climate change and disaster risk are not gender-neutral.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, the evidence also suggests that ASEAN&#8217;s WPS agenda remains, in many respects, a high-level policy concept rather than a transformative practice. The challenges identified in the localisation of the Regional Plan of Action, including insufficient political will, inadequate resources and weak institutional frameworks, are not merely implementation problems but symptoms of a deeper disconnect between regional norm-making and local realities. Malaysia&#8217;s NAP WPS, while progressive on paper, coexists with persistent structural inequalities that limit women&#8217;s participation in disaster risk management. Sarawak&#8217;s engagement with international best practices, though valuable, has not yet translated into systematic support for indigenous women&#8217;s climate adaptation. Even the Philippines, which has the region&#8217;s most advanced WPS-climate integration, struggles with data gaps and questions of substantive versus symbolic inclusion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For ASEAN&#8217;s WPS agenda to move from policy promise to transformative practice, three priorities are essential. First, financing must be substantially increased and directed towards community-level, women-led initiatives rather than remaining concentrated in workshops and policy documents. Second, gender-disaggregated data must be systematically collected and used to inform disaster risk management and climate adaptation planning. Third, indigenous and local knowledge systems must be recognised and integrated into formal disaster risk reduction frameworks, rather than being subordinated to technical and bureaucratic approaches. Without these shifts, ASEAN&#8217;s WPS agenda risks remaining what it has largely been to date: a commendable policy framework that has yet to reach the women who need it most.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ASEAN. (2025). <em>Localising the ASEAN Regional Plan of Action on Women, Peace and Security: Challenges, good practices and lessons learned<\/em>. UN Women and ASEAN Institute for Peace and Reconciliation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Borneo Post Online. (2025, September 4). Sarawak explores disaster-resilient shelter designs at Osaka Expo 2025. <em>Borneo Post Online<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>SecurityWomen. (2025). <em>Malaysia: National Action Plan (NAP)<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Suaram. (2024). <em>KAMY&#8217;s JET-BHR report: Women&#8217;s workforce participation and climate commitments<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>UN Women. (2024, September 27). <em>ASEAN Gender Outlook 2024 highlights climate change threats to women and girls in Southeast Asia, a warning sign for other regions<\/em>. UN Women.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>UN Women. (2025). <em>Guidance note: Integrating climate change into National Action Plans for Women, Peace and Security<\/em>. WPS-ASEAN.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>UN Women. (2025). <em>Integrating climate change into National Action Plan on Women, Peace and Security<\/em>. Asia-Pacific Regional Office.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>UNDP. (2025). <em>Women, resilience, and climate change<\/em>. UNDP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>UNEP. (2025, March 6). How six women are helping their communities adapt to climate change. <em>UNEP News and Stories<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>UNFPA. (2025). <em>Women&#8217;s leadership at the heart of disaster risk reduction<\/em>. UNDRR.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>WPS-ASEAN. (2025). <em>Overview: Women, Peace and Security in ASEAN<\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ASEAN&#8217;s Women, Peace and Security agenda recognises women as leaders in climate adaptation and disaster risk management. Yet progress remains uneven. Regional plans are strong, but local women still need money, data and decision-making power to build truly safer communities.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":28933,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[412,662,7],"tags":[772,953,954,42,952,690,759,757,895,955],"class_list":{"0":"post-28934","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-featured","8":"category-rencana","9":"category-women","10":"tag-adaptation","11":"tag-asean","12":"tag-climate","13":"tag-community","14":"tag-disaster","15":"tag-gender","16":"tag-leadership","17":"tag-resilience","18":"tag-women","19":"tag-wps"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Women Lead Climate Resilience Through WPS Agenda - RAKAN CommUnity<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/women-lead-climate-resilience-through-wps-agenda\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Women Lead Climate Resilience Through WPS Agenda - RAKAN CommUnity\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"ASEAN&#039;s Women, Peace and Security agenda recognises women as leaders in climate adaptation and disaster risk management. Yet progress remains uneven. Regional plans are strong, but local women still need money, data and decision-making power to build truly safer communities.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/women-lead-climate-resilience-through-wps-agenda\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"RAKAN CommUnity\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/Rakan-Sarawak\/175198032513909\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-09-22T02:11:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-24T02:20:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/38855-Women-Climate-photo-credit-magnific.com-2.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"RSComm02Unity\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@RAKANSarawak\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@RAKANSarawak\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"RSComm02Unity\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"11 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/women-lead-climate-resilience-through-wps-agenda\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/women-lead-climate-resilience-through-wps-agenda\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"RSComm02Unity\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/#\/schema\/person\/e7da62c61ca0763c8f86317d3ac0c9fd\"},\"headline\":\"Women Lead Climate Resilience Through WPS Agenda\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-22T02:11:36+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-24T02:20:11+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/women-lead-climate-resilience-through-wps-agenda\/\"},\"wordCount\":2429,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/women-lead-climate-resilience-through-wps-agenda\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/38855-Women-Climate-photo-credit-magnific.com-2.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Adaptation\",\"ASEAN\",\"Climate\",\"Community\",\"Disaster\",\"Gender\",\"Leadership\",\"Resilience\",\"Women\",\"WPS\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Featured\",\"Rencana\",\"Women\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/women-lead-climate-resilience-through-wps-agenda\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/women-lead-climate-resilience-through-wps-agenda\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/women-lead-climate-resilience-through-wps-agenda\/\",\"name\":\"Women Lead Climate Resilience Through WPS Agenda - 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