{"id":675,"date":"2022-08-01T14:50:56","date_gmt":"2022-08-01T06:50:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/?p=675"},"modified":"2022-08-01T14:55:15","modified_gmt":"2022-08-01T06:55:15","slug":"driving-community-development-through-pua-kumbu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/driving-community-development-through-pua-kumbu\/","title":{"rendered":"Driving Community Development Through Pua Kumbu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap\">Producing just a piece of <em>pua kumbu<\/em> is lengthy and intricate. It involves, among other steps, the complicated task of preparing the threads, as well as undergoing a cleansing ritual called <em>ngar <\/em>to ensure no negativity or bad omen affects the entire process \u2013 all of these take place before the weaving itself.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yet, anthropologist <a href=\"https:\/\/umexpert.um.edu.my\/welynejj\">Dr. Welyne Jeffrey Jehom<\/a> of Universiti Malaya believes that it is this complexity that makes this Iban traditional textile one of a kind.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RSC-5-2-005-2022.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-677\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RSC-5-2-005-2022.jpg 512w, https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RSC-5-2-005-2022-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RSC-5-2-005-2022-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RSC-5-2-005-2022-146x146.jpg 146w, https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RSC-5-2-005-2022-50x50.jpg 50w, https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RSC-5-2-005-2022-75x75.jpg 75w, https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RSC-5-2-005-2022-85x85.jpg 85w, https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RSC-5-2-005-2022-80x80.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><figcaption>Dr. Welyne Jeffrey Jehom in 2019. Photo from RhGareh Pua Project Facebook page<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s very complicated to understand (the process) and that is the kind of complication that we have to face \u2013 all the challenge in order to produce this beautiful piece of <em>pua kumbu<\/em>,\u201d she says during her presentation \u2018Traditional Textiles and Costumes\u2019 as part of Spotlight on Sarawak, a series of talks organised by the Heritage of Malaysia Trust between April and July 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>She is one of many local and international scholars who has been researching and documenting the art of weaving <em>pua kumbu<\/em>, as it is deemed a highly significant intangible cultural heritage that needs to be preserved.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, as she wrote in her 2017 article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/320311547_Memories_of_textiles_narratives_Iban_weavers_restoring_pua_kumbu_knowledge_in_Sarawak\">\u2018Memories of textile narratives: Iban weavers restoring pua kumbu knowledge in Sarawak\u2019<\/a>, merely studying and recording the art \u201cdo not guarantee the sustainability of <em>pua kumbu<\/em> production\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In her opinion, the community of weavers of both the current and future generations should play their part in safeguarding their culture and heritage because of the knowledge they possess of the textile\u2019s creation, skills and history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thus, in 2013, Dr. Welyne embarked on a social entrepreneurship project with the Iban community of Rumah Gare not only to preserve <em>pua kumbu<\/em> but also to turn the traditional art of <em>pua kumbu<\/em> weaving into a cottage industry that can elevate the people\u2019s socio-economic well-being.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"324\" height=\"324\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RSC-5-3-1-005-2022.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-671\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RSC-5-3-1-005-2022.jpg 324w, https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RSC-5-3-1-005-2022-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RSC-5-3-1-005-2022-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RSC-5-3-1-005-2022-146x146.jpg 146w, https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RSC-5-3-1-005-2022-50x50.jpg 50w, https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RSC-5-3-1-005-2022-75x75.jpg 75w, https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RSC-5-3-1-005-2022-85x85.jpg 85w, https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RSC-5-3-1-005-2022-80x80.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 324px) 100vw, 324px\" \/><figcaption>Weavers of Rumah Gare, led by master weaver Bangie anak Embol (centre). Photo from Rh Gareh Pua Project Facebook page<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Located along Nanga Kain in Kapit, Rumah Gare is home to master weaver <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=vqBaUcugJEs\">Bangie anak Embol<\/a>, whose contribution in championing <em>pua kumbu<\/em> weaving and traditional Iban arts has earned her the recognition of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kraftangan.gov.my\/en\/craft-information\/tokoh-kraf\/master-craftsmen\">Adiguru Kraf<\/a> by the Malaysian Government since 2000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The community project that was launched under the registered trademark \u2018Rh. Gareh\u2019 further aims to empower the local community towards development by generating employment for weaving activities, planting of plants for natural dyes, product promotion and distribution, as well as workshops and training for visitors to the longhouse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"324\" height=\"324\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RSC-5-6-1-005-2022.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-674\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RSC-5-6-1-005-2022.jpg 324w, https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RSC-5-6-1-005-2022-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RSC-5-6-1-005-2022-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RSC-5-6-1-005-2022-146x146.jpg 146w, https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RSC-5-6-1-005-2022-50x50.jpg 50w, https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RSC-5-6-1-005-2022-75x75.jpg 75w, https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RSC-5-6-1-005-2022-85x85.jpg 85w, https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RSC-5-6-1-005-2022-80x80.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 324px) 100vw, 324px\" \/><figcaption>Apart from pua kumbu, the community project at Rumah Gare has diversified to produce pua weaving-based products such as bags. Photo from RhGareh Pua Project Facebook page<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Prior to this, the weavers of Rumah Gare, in spite of their unique capability to produce <em>pua kumbu<\/em>, lacked access to a proper market platform to promote their products; as a result, they received minimal compensations for their valuable knowledge and effort.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Therefore, through the project, Dr. Welyne <a href=\"https:\/\/rhgareh.org\/about\/\">hopes<\/a> to address the constraints and identify opportunities for value chain upgrading in <em>pua kumbu<\/em> production, marketing and distribution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Moreover, she intends to create an efficient structure to enhance the creation of <em>pua kumbu<\/em> to a higher quality product, and more importantly conserve the indigenous knowledge and skill of <em>pua kumbu<\/em> weaving with women weavers for the sustainability of the art\u2019s tradition and production.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"576\" height=\"324\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RSC-5-4-1-005-2022.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-672\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RSC-5-4-1-005-2022.jpg 576w, https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RSC-5-4-1-005-2022-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RSC-5-4-1-005-2022-260x146.jpg 260w, https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RSC-5-4-1-005-2022-50x28.jpg 50w, https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RSC-5-4-1-005-2022-133x75.jpg 133w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\" \/><figcaption>A series of photos depicting the ngar ritual at Rumah Gare. Screenshot from the presentation &#8216;Traditional Textiles and Costumes&#8217; by Dr. Welyne Jeffrey Jehom<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"576\" height=\"324\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RSC-5-5-1-005-2022.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-673\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RSC-5-5-1-005-2022.jpg 576w, https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RSC-5-5-1-005-2022-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RSC-5-5-1-005-2022-260x146.jpg 260w, https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RSC-5-5-1-005-2022-50x28.jpg 50w, https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RSC-5-5-1-005-2022-133x75.jpg 133w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\" \/><figcaption>A series of photos depicting the making of natural dye for the pua kumbu at Rumah Gare. Screenshot from the presentation &#8216;Traditional Textiles and Costumes&#8217; by Dr. Welyne Jeffrey Jehom<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Since the implementation of the project, the weavers of Rumah Gare have been able to come up with <a href=\"https:\/\/rhsansfrontieres.org\/en\/news\/focus-on-the-work-of-weavers-from-the-rumah-station-community-malaysia\/\">various products<\/a> beyond <em>pua kumbu<\/em>, such as bags, clothes and footwear.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With immense support from the community, the longhouse has also increased the number of weavers to be part of the project.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These include those from the younger generation who have come to realise that they can earn a living from actively practising and ensuring the longevity of the traditional art of weaving <em>pua kumbu<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>For more information on the community project, visit <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/rhgareh.org\/\"><em>https:\/\/rhgareh.org<\/em><\/a><em> and <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/rhgareh\/\"><em>https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/rhgareh\/<\/em><\/a><em>, as well as feature articles that include <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/borneoartcollective.org\/featuredprojects\/2016\/5\/13\/pua-kumbu-the-iban-weavers-of-rumah-gare\"><em>Borneo Art Collective<\/em><\/a><em> and <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/rhsansfrontieres.org\/en\/news\/focus-on-the-work-of-weavers-from-the-rumah-station-community-malaysia\/\"><em>Human Resources Without Borders<\/em><\/a><em>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>What is <em>Pua Kumbu<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A warp-patterned, ceremonial blanket, cloth or textile woven by Iban women on a back-strap loom. However, the term <em>pua kumbu<\/em> tends to be used to refer to the art of <em>pua<\/em> weaving, or any item that features the Iban <em>kebat<\/em> designs and motifs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"359\" height=\"250\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RSC-5-1-1-005-2022.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-669\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RSC-5-1-1-005-2022.jpg 359w, https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RSC-5-1-1-005-2022-300x209.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RSC-5-1-1-005-2022-210x146.jpg 210w, https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RSC-5-1-1-005-2022-50x35.jpg 50w, https:\/\/www.rakancommunity.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RSC-5-1-1-005-2022-108x75.jpg 108w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 359px) 100vw, 359px\" \/><figcaption>A pua kumbu piece by master weaver Bangie anak Embol, featuring the &#8216;tiang rianyai&#8217; or &#8216;Tree of Life&#8217; motif. Photo from the Encyclopedia of Crafts in Asia Pacific Region<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>In the traditional life of the Iban, <em>pua kumbu<\/em> is used in ceremonies related to birth, marriage, healing and funeral, as well as in farming rituals. In the past, it was utilised to receive heads from those returning from a victorious war expedition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Today, the textile serves as a symbol of the Iban\u2019s identity and heritage, and an exceptional material culture of Sarawak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Sources:<br><\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/museum.sarawak.gov.my\/page-0-0-109-Textile.html\"><em>Sarawak Museum Department<\/em><\/a><em><br><\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/320311547_Memories_of_textiles_narratives_Iban_weavers_restoring_pua_kumbu_knowledge_in_Sarawak\"><em>Jeffrey Jehom, Welyne. (2017). Memories of textiles narratives: Iban weavers restoring pua kumbu knowledge in Sarawak.<\/em><\/a><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>To ensure the longevity of pua kumbu, a project at Rumah Gare in Nanga Kain, Kapit has been carried out for the local community to improve their economic and social well-being around the Iban traditional textile.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":671,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[139,138,140],"class_list":{"0":"post-675","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-community-development","8":"tag-blanket","9":"tag-culture","10":"tag-pua-kumbu"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Driving Community Development Through Pua Kumbu - 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